How does an arrears swap differ from other swaps?

An arrears swap is characterized by the floating rate being observed and paid at the end of the period, setting it apart from most other types of swaps. In this arrangement, the interest payment calculated based on the prevailing floating rate only occurs after the period has ended, meaning that the cash flows related to the floating rate will be finalized based on the rates that apply during that prior interval.

This structure contrasts sharply with typical swaps, where payments might occur at the beginning of a period (as in the case of some fixed-rate or conventional swaps) or be based on rates that are determined at the start of the period but paid later. The distinctly sequential nature of arrears swaps adds a layer of complexity and can influence cash flow management for the counterparties involved, especially in relation to interest rate volatility and timing of payments.

Understanding this essential timing difference is crucial for recognizing how arrears swaps function in the broader context of financial instruments and risk management.